考试日期

2019年8月31日

Reading Passage 1

Title

奥运火炬 (Making of Olympic Torch) (2015.4.25)

Question types

Summary Completion  3题
Matching  6题
Diagram Filling  5题

文章内容回顾

Questions 1-3

Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage.

Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.

The Olympic torch, as Olympic Committee requested, is carefully designed which takes years to design and build so that it is capable of withstanding all kinds of 1 ______and staying lit through widely differing weather conditions. The torch used in the modern Olympics is to hold the 2 ______ and the torch must then be copied. Thousands of torches are built as demanded by the thousands of runners who carry them through. Each runner has the opportunity to 3 ______ his torch at completion of his journey of the relay as souvenirs

Questions 4-9

Match the following statements as applying to different Olympic flames A-H.

NB There are more choices than questions. You may not need all the choices.

A ancient Greek Olympic flames

B Berlin Games torch(1936)

C 1952 Winter Games flame

D 1956 Games torch

E Munich Games torch (1972)

F 1996 torch (Atlanta)

G 2000 torch (Sydney)

H 2002 torch (Salt lake city)

Write your answers in boxes 4-9 on your answer sheet.

4 first liquid fuel torch

5 not environmentally friendly

6 began to record the runners’ name

7 potential risky as it burnt runner’s arms

8 special for a theme

9 flame not lit in Greek

Questions 10-14 Diagram Filling

答案：

1-3 Summary Completion

1. Climates

2. Flame

3. Purchase

4-9 Matching

4. E

5. F

6. B

7. D

8. H

9. C

10-14 Diagram Filling

10. Fuel tank

11. Openings

12. Handle

13. Propylene

14. Double flame

相关英文原文阅读

原文：

A

Every two years, people around the world wait in anticipation as a torch-bearing runner enters the Olympic arena and lights the cauldron. The symbolic lighting of the Olympic flame marks the beginning of another historic Olympic Games. The opening ceremony is the end of a long journey for the Olympic torch. The ancient Greeks revered the power of fire. In Greek mythology, the d Prometheus stole fire from Zeus and gave it to humans. The Greeks held their first Olympic Games in 776 B. C. The Games, held every four years at Olympia, honored Zeus and other Greek ds. A constantly burning flame was a regular fixture throughout Greece. At the start of the Olympic Games, the Greeks would ignite a cauldron of flame upon the altar dedicated to Hera, ddess of birth and marriage.

B

The flame was reintroduced to the Olympics at the 1928 Amsterdam Games. A cauldron was lit, but there was no torch relay. The first Olympic torch relay was at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games and it was not introduced to the Winter Olympics until the 1952 Games. It was lit that year not in Olympia, Greece, but in Norway, which was chosen because it was the birthplace of skiing. But since the 196401ympics at Innsbruck, Austria, every Olympic Games - Winter and Summer - has begun with a torch-lighting ceremony in Olympia, Greece, followed by a torch relay to the Olympic stadium.

Designing an Olympic Torch

C

The torch starts out as an idea in the mind of a designer or group of designers. Several design teams submit proposals to the Olympic Committee for the opportunity to create and build the torch. The team that wins the assignment will design a torch that is both aesthetically pleasing and functional. A torch can take a year or two to design and build. And once the torch has been built, it must be tested rirous^ in all kinds of weather conditions. The look of the modem Olympic torch originated with John Hench, a Disney artist who designed the torch for the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California. His design provided the basis for all future torches. Since then, designers have tried to create a torch that represents the host country and the theme for that Olympic Games.

D

The torch must then be replicated and replicated. It's not just one torch making the journey to the Olympic stadium; it's thousands. Anywhere from l0, 000 to 15, 000 torches are constructed to accommodate the thousands of runners who carry them through each leg of the Olympic relay. Each runner has the opportunity to purchase his torch at the end of his leg of the relay.

Olympic Torch fuel

E

The first torch used in the modem Olympics (the 1936 Berlin Games) was made of a thin steel rod topped with a circular piece from which the flame rose. It was inscribed with a dedication to the runners. The torch must stay lit for the entire length of its journey. It must survive wind, rain, sleet, snow, and a variety of climates (desert, mountain, and ocean). For fuel, early torches burned everything from gunpowder to olive oil. Some torches used a mixture of hexamine (a mixture of formaldehyde and ammonia) and naphthalene (the hydrogen- and carbon-based substance in mothballs) with an igniting liquid. These substances weren't always the most efficient fuel sources, and they were sometimes dangerous. In the 1956 Games, the final torch in the relay was lit by magnesium and aluminum, burning chunks of which fell from the torch and seared the runner's arms. The first liquid fuels were introduced at the 1972 Munich Games. Torches since that time have carried liquid fuels - they are stored under pressure as a liquid, but burn as a gas to produce a flame. Liquid fuel is safe for the runner and can be stored in a lightweight canister. The torch designed for the 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympics has an aluminum base that houses a small fuel tank. As fuel rises through the handle, it is pushed through a brass valve with thousands of tiny openings. As the fuel squeezes through the small openings, it builds pressure. Once it makes it through the openings, the pressure drops, and the liquid fuel turns into a gas for burning. The tiny holes maintain a high pressure in the fuel to keep the flame ing through harsh conditions.

F

The 1996 torch was fueled by propylene, which produced a bright flame. But because propylene contains a high level of carbon, it also produced a lot of smoke - not a plus for the environment. In 2000, the creators of the Sydney Olympic torch came up with a more lightweight, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly design. To fuel their torch, they decided on a mixture of 35 percent propane (the gas used to heat home stoves and barbecue grills) and 65 percent butane (cigarette lighter fuel), which ignites a strong flame without making a lot of smoke. Because the propane/butane mixture can be stored as a liquid under relatively light pressure, it can be kept in a lightweight container. It then burns as gas under normal atmospheric pressure. The liquid fuel is stored in an aluminum canister located about halfway up the torch. It flows up to the top of the torch through a pipe. Before leaving the pipe, the liquid fuel is forced through a tiny hole. Once it moves through the hole, there is a pressure drop, causing the liquid to turn into gas for burning. The torch moves the liquid fuel at a consistent rate to the burner, so the flame always bums with the same intensity. The torch can stay lit for about 15minutes.

G

The engineers behind both the 1996 and 2000 torches adopted a burner system that utilized a double flame, helping them to stay lit even in erratic winds. The external flame bums slowly and at a lower temperature than the internal flame. This flame is big and bright orange, so it can be seen clearly; but it is unstable in winds. The interior flame burns hotter, producing a blue flame that is small but very stable, because its internal location protects it from the wind. It would act like a pilot light, able to relight the external flame should it out.

H

When the 2002 Olympic Torch, in Salt Lake City, the top section was glass, and the Olympic Flame burned within the glass, echoing the 2002 Olympic theme Light the Fire Within. The glass stood for purity, winter, ice, and nature. Also inside the glass was a geometric copper structure which helped hold the flame. The two silver sections also mirrored the blue/purple colors of the Fire and Ice theme.

题型难度分析

本篇文章难度系数较低

题型技巧分析

篇是本次考试题型简单的一篇，考察考生查找信息和精准定位的能力。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

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Reading Passage 2

Title

The Farmers! Parade of History（2015.12.12）

Question types

Matching Information  5题
Summary Completion  5题
Matching Features  3题

文章内容回顾

Questions 14-18

The reading passage has seven paragraphs A-J.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-J, in boxes 15-19 on your answer sheet.

14. Generosity offered in an occasion for helping the poor

15. Innovations are ahead of time

16. Fashion was not chosen as its strong point.

17. A romantic event on a memorial venue dedicating to Farmers.

18. Farmers were sold to a private owned company.

Questions 19-23

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes19-23 on your answer sheet.

Farmers were first founded as a 19.__ in Auckland by Mr. Laidlaw. Farmers developed fast and bought one 20.__ then. During overseas expansion, Farmers set up 21__ in major cities outside New Zealand. Farmers had been holding a 22.__ in a sale once a year for the company’s mascot animal. Some senior employees considered Farmers as a 23.__ both for themselves and for the whole country.

Questions 24-26

Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-C) with opinions or deeds below.

Write the appropriate letters A-C in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.

NB  you may use any letter more than once

A. Lincoln Laidlaw

B. Rod McDermott

C. Ian Hunter

24. Products became worse as wrong direction.

25. An unprecedented statement was made by Farmers in New Zealand.

26. Character of the company was changed.

答案：

14-18

14. E

15. B

16. G

17. D

18. I

19-23

19. mail-order company

20. chain store

21. buying offices

22. celebration (sale)

23. big family

24-26

24. B

25. C

26. A

相关英文原文阅读

A

History of Farmer trading company: In 1909 Robert Laid law establishes mail-order company Laid law Leeds in Fort Street, Auckland. Then, Branch expansion: purchase of Green and Colebrook chain store; further provincial stores in Auckland and Waikato to follow. Opening of first furniture and boot factory. In 1920, Company now has 29 branches; Whangarei store purchased. Doors open at Hobson Street for direct selling to public. Firm establishes London and New York buying offices. With permission from the Harbour Board, the large FARMERS electric sign on the Wyndham Street frontage is erected.

B

In 1935, if the merchandise has changed, the language of the catalogues hasn’t. Robert Laidlaw, the Scottish immigrant who established the century-old business, might have been scripting a modem-day television commercial when he told his earliest customers: Satisfaction, or your money back. “It was the first money back guarantee ever offered in New Zealand by any firm,” says Ian Hunter, business historian. “And his mission statement was, potentially, only the second one ever found in the world.” Laidlaw’s stated aims were simple to build the greatest business in New Zealand, to simplify every transaction, to eliminate all delays, to only sell ods it would pay the customer to buy.

C

This year, the company that began as a mail-order business and now employs 3500staffacross 58 stores turns 100. Its centenary will be celebrated with the release of a book and major community fund raising projects, to be announced next week. Hunter, who is writing the centenary history, says "coming to a Farmers store once a week was a part of the New Zealand way of life". By 1960, one in every 10 people had an account with the company. It was the place where teenage girls shopped for their first bra, where newlyweds purchased their first dinner sets, where first pay cheques were used to pay off hire purchase furniture, where Santa paraded every Christmas.

D

Gary Blumenthal’s mother shopped there, and so does he. The fondest memory for the Rotorua resident? “We were on holiday in Auckland... I decided that upon the lookout tower on top of the Farmers building would be a unique place to fit the ring on my new fiancées finger.” The lovebirds, who had to wait for “an annoying youth” to leave the tower before they could enjoy their engagement kiss, celebrate their 50th wedding anniversary in June.

E

Farmers, says Hunter, has always had a heart. This, from a 1993 North & South interview with a former board chairman, Rawdon Busfield: “One day I was in the Hobson Street shop and I saw a woman with two small children. They were clean and tidily dressed, but poor, you could tell. That week we had a special on a big bar of chocolate for one shilling. I heard the woman say to her boy, “no, your penny won’t buy that.” He wasn’t wearing shoes.” So I went up to the boy and said, “Son, have you t your penny? He handed it to me. It was hot he’d had it in his hand for hours. I took the penny and gave him the chocolate.”

F

Farmers was once the home of genteel tearooms, children’s playgrounds and an annual sale of celebration for birthday of Hector the Parrot (the store mascot died, aged 131, in the 1970s his stuffed remains still occupy pride of place at the company’s head office). You could buy houses from Farmers. Its saddle factory supplied the armed forces, and its upright grand overstrung pianos offered “the acme of value” according to those early catalogues hand-drawn by Robert Laidlaw himself. Walk through a Farmers store today and get hit by bright lights and big brands. Its Albany branch houses 16 international cosmetics companies. It buys from approximately 500 suppliers, and about 30% of those are locally owned.

G

“Eight, 10 years a,” says current chief executive Rod McDermott, “lots of brands wouldn’t partner with us. The stores were quite distressed. We were first price point focused, we weren’t fashion focused. “Remove the rose-tinted nostalgia, and Farmers is, quite simply, a business, doing business in hard times. Dancing with the Stars presenter Candy Lane launches a clothing line?” We put a trial on, and we thought it was really lovely, but the up take wasn’t what we thought it would be. It’s t to be what the customer wants," says McDermott.

H

He acknowledges retailers suffer in a recession: “Were celebrating 100 years because we can and because we should.” Farmers almost didn’t pull through one economic crisis. By the mid-1980s, it had stores across the country. It had acquired the South Islands Calder Mackay chain of stores and bought out Hay wrights. Then, with sales topping $375 million, it was taken over by Chase Corporation.

I

Lincoln Laidlaw, now aged 88, and the son of the company’s founder, remembers the dark days following the stock market crash and the collapse of Chase. “I think, once, Farmers was like a big family and all of the people who worked for it felt they were building something which would ultimately be to their benefit and to the benefit of New Zealand... then the business was being divided up and so that kind of family situation was dispelled and it hasn’t been recovered.” For a turbulent few years, the stores were controlled, first by a consortium of Australian banks and later Deka, the Maori Development Corporation and Food land Associated Ltd. In 2003, it went back to “family” ownership, with the purchase by the James Pascoe Group, owned by David and Anne Norman the latter being the great-granddaughter of James Pascoe, whose first business interest was jewellery.

J

“Sheer power of the brand,” says McDermott, “pulled Farmers through and now was becoming the brand it used to be again.” Farmers were the company that, during World War II, topped up the wages of any staff member disadvantaged by overseas service. Robert Laidlaw a committed Christian who came to his faith at a 1902 evangelistic service in Dunedin concluded his original mission statement with the words, “all at it, always at it, wins success”. Next week, 58 Farmers stores across the country will announce the local charities they will raise funds for in their centenary celebration everything from guide dog services to hospices to volunteer fire brigades will benefit. Every dollar raised by the community will be matched by the company. “It’s like the rebirth of an icon,” says McDermott.

题型难度分析

本篇文章难度适中

题型技巧分析

第二篇的题型考生可以根据先顺后乱的顺序完成题目。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

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Reading Passage 3

Title

白蚁

考试趋势分析和备考指导：

本场雅思阅读考试篇文章较为简单，二篇难度适中，第三篇难度系数较大。但是并没有出现耗时较多的选择题。建议考生放松心态，重视填空、判断等基础题型。在高质量完成顺序题的基础上，稳扎稳打，高效率的解决配对题。